The 3-D view on the right will not show the re- dragging the handle to its sults of this operation. This completes our reshaping of the three upper handle and then floors. Click the Pointer button, , on the left toolbar to end re- it in the result- shape mode and return to selection mode. Click the title bar of the right window to make it active, then click the Refresh Window button, , on the top toolbar to draw the new extruded view, as shown in the figure below. This completes the modeling of the setback.
This should already show the folder where we saved the first file. If not, select the folder where you want to save this file. Draw Braces We are now going to add braces at the bottom story level in the Y direction: 1. Click the title bar of the left window to make it active. Make sure that Snap to Points is still on. If not, click the Snap to Points button, , on the left toolbar.
The cursor changes to indicate that the program is See the section in draw mode rather than select mode. This determines the section properties assigned to the Chapter 4 of objects to be drawn. This draws the first brace. Note: A single click would end one member and begin another con- As an alternate to double- nected member; the double-click ends the series so we clicking to fin- can draw another unconnected member.
If you make a mistake: click the Pointer button, , on the key or the Esc left toolbar to return to selection mode; click the Undo but- key on your keyboard.
Click the Pointer button, , on the left toolbar to end draw mode and return to selection mode. Click on each of the two braces to select them. If not, click the Clear Selection button, , on the left toolbar, and try the selection again. The four tabs at the top of the form are for selecting the type of replication to use.
Click the Linear tab. Note the change in view- ing angle. We are making one copy, and moving it inches in the X direction. Make sure the Delete Original box is not checked. Click OK to close the form and perform the replication.
Note that the 3-D view on the right changes to a line drawing and you can see the replicated braces. Click the title bar of the right window to make the 3-D view active. Click the Refresh Window button, , on the top toolbar. Rotate, pan, and zoom as necessary to satisfy your- self that the braces are where you want them to be. You can use the buttons on the top toolbar, or try using commands from the View menu. Only the braces are pres- ent in the view. The selection rectangle has been dragged around the entire structure, but only the objects present can be selected.
Pin the Braces By default, all line objects beams, columns, braces, etc. We will now release the moments at the ends of the braces we just drew, making them pin-connected: 1. Make sure this view is still active by clicking on its title bar.
Only the braces are shown. Move the mouse into the 3-D view to the outside of one cor- ner of the building. Click and hold down the left mouse button and drag it to the opposite corner of the building so that the entire structure is enclosed in the selection rectangle.
If not, Another way to select the click the Clear Selection button, , on the left toolbar, braces is simply and start over at Step 2. Even though we windowed the Braces com- whole building, only the braces were present to be selected. We are going to release the bending moments at both ends. Check both the Start and End boxes for both Moment 22 and Moment 33 four boxes altogether. Leave the corre- sponding Frame Partial Fixity Spring values as zero.
Click OK to close the form and make the assignment. Alternatively, to clear the dis- Note that the view changes to show the braces as shrunk play of assigns, away from the ends, with green dots indicating the presence you can click of end releases.
The extrusions have been turned off. Click the Defaults button. Check the Extrusion box under Special Effects. Then click OK to close the form. By the way, be aware that the braces are not connected to each other where they cross. Define Reference Plane and Reference Lines Before drawing the shear walls, we are going to define one refer- ence plane and two reference lines. Tip: 2.
Reference planes and 3. This lines can help creates a horizontal reference plane with a Z ordinate of 84 you to accu- inches, and adds it to the table. We will later use this reference plane to define the top of the door opening in the shear wall. Click the Add button. This defines a second vertical reference line, and adds it to the table. Make sure that both reference lines are present in the table, and then click OK to close the form. We will use these reference lines next to define the edges of the door opening in the shear wall.
Draw Shear Walls We are now going to add walls at the bottom story level in the X direction: 1. The cursor changes to indicate You can also that the program is in draw mode rather than select mode. A small, floating form labeled Properties of Object ap- clicking the pears.
This determines the section properties assigned to the appropriate button on the objects to be drawn. See the back 4. Manual for a short descrip- 5. Make sure that snap-to-points is on. If not, click the Snap to tion of the Points button, , on the left toolbar to turn it on. It should be one bay wide and one story tall. Use the Rubber Band Zoom button, , on the top toolbar to zoom into this bay.
Make sure all six areas in this bay are in the view, as shown in the figure above. The bottom-center area represents the door opening. The other five areas around the door represent the shear wall. Click once in the center of each of the five areas around the door to draw five area objects representing the shear wall.
Change the 3-D view in the right window to show extru- sions, then rotate, pan, and zoom to satisfy yourself that the walls are where you want them to be. If not, use the Undo command as necessary and try again. Rotate, pan, and zoom to satisfy yourself that the walls are where you want them to be, as shown in the figure above. Assign Pier and Spandrel Labels We are now going to assign pier and spandrel labels to portions of our shear walls.
This is necessary so that we can view forces associated with the wall piers and spandrels and so that we per- form simplified wall design for them. Click once on the wall to select it.
Tip: 5. Zoom in to the bay with the shear wall and door opening. ETABS 8. Click the wall object on the left side of the door opening to can neither select it. Select the center wall object above the door. Observe that the object above the door is part of a pier and a spandrel.
Each wall object may be part of, at most, a single pier and a single wall. When you are done, the display should show the pier and spandrel assignments as shown in the figure below. Your wall labels may differ from the figure, de- pending on the order in which you drew the walls. Change Column Orientations We will now change the orientation of some of the columns. By default, the major axis local axis 2 of the columns is parallel to the X direction.
We will change some columns so that the major axis is parallel to Y. Each of these columns consists of four members, one for each of the stories. We will try selecting the columns in both elevation and plan views: 1. If it says anything else, click the Clear Selection button, , on the left toolbar, and try the selection again.
Click OK to accept the assignment and close the form. The display in the left window will change to show the local cluding axes for all line objects in the elevation view. Observe the sketches of lo- following: cal axes. The direction of the local 3 red, white and axis depends on the axial direction of the beam.
For the blue. This makes sure that our If the active subsequent operations affect all four story levels. Windowing around the point gives the same result. This is because, by default, selection in a plan view does not include the columns. This opens the Selection List form showing all the objects that can be selected at that point. This includes the point, the three beams, the column, and the floor deck. Repeat Steps 7, 8, and 9 above to change the orientation of located one on the two selected columns.
Review the local axes of the columns in this plan view, zooming in if necessary. The 3-D view should now show the extruded view of the columns only. This means we are looking from the —Y direction. Pan and zoom in the 3-D view to clearly see all the column orientations. To return to the extruded view of the whole building, click the Set Building View Options button, , click the De- faults button at the bottom of the Set Building View Op- tions form, check the Extrusion box, and click OK.
Assign Floor Load We will assign floor load to the superimposed dead load case, and reduce the load acting on the roof. We will now select all the floors. This opens the Select Sections form. If not, clear the selection and try again. This opens the Select Story Level form. If not, clear the selection and try again, starting with Step 4. Click OK to make the assignment and close the form. Note that the selection is cleared after making the assign- ment.
Click the Restore Previous Selection button, , on the left toolbar to repeat the same selection. Mass is used for inertia in dynamic analyses and to de- fine acceleration loads for seismic ground motion.
Weight is used for static gravity loading. When defining material properties in ETABS, you specify mass density and weight density separately, although normally they are related by the value of gravitational acceleration in the cur- rent length units e. So far, we have only included mass from the materials in the model. We still need to account for the mass of the nonstructural components and the live load. Under Mass Definition, select From Loads.
Leave the Include Only Lateral Mass box unchecked. Make sure that the form looks like the figure above. This completes our initial model. Now that our model is complete, we will perform the analysis to determine the response of the building to its loading.
The actual analysis pro- ceeds quickly. We will spend most of our time in this chapter looking at object information, both before and after the analysis. View Object Information As a general rule, clicking the right mouse button while pointing to an ETABS object will provide information about that object.
The type of information provided will depend on the type of dis- play shown in the window undeformed model, displaced shape, moment diagram, stress contours, etc. Make sure the point-snap option is on. Note — the labels in your model may differ! While the red dot is showing, click the right mouse button. This opens the Note: Point Information form. This form is not editable; it is for See the section display purposes only.
Three tabs are available at the top of the form. See the figure tion for Point above. Coordinate Delta Z is measured from the story level. Click the Assignments tab at the top of the form. These items need not concern us now. Click the Loads tab at the top of the form. No loads have been assigned to the point object. Click OK to close the Point Information form. Note — the la- bels in your model may differ! Note: 8. Click the right mouse button. This opens the Line Informa- tion form.
You can see that a large number of assignments are possible for line objects, as shown in the figure below. This initial choice is the section with the median weight. This as- signment may change after design.
No loads have been directly assigned to the line object. Recall that we as- signed the loads to the floor area objects. Click OK to close the Line Information form. This opens the Area Informa- tion form. You can additional in- see that a number of assignments are possible for area ob- formation.
Click OK to close the Area Information form. Instead, hold down the Ctrl key on the keyboard while clicking the right mouse button. This opens the Selection List form that allows us to choose among all the objects that have any part located at that point.
This includes the point itself, three beams, a column, and the floor. This opens the Line Information form. Note that each column line object is considered to be part of the story above it. Note in particular that the Local axis 2 Angle indicates the change we made earlier to the orientation of this column.
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